Plumbing engineering design handbook volume (2024)

The best piping configuration is the least expensive over a long term basis. This requires the consideration of installation cost, pressure loss effect on production, stress level concern, fatigue failure, support and anchor effects, stability, easy maintenance, parallel expansion capacity and others. The expansion loops most commonly used in crosscountry pipelines are L bends, Z bends, conventional 90° elbow and V bends. The principal design codes used for piping design are the ANSI/ASME B31.1 (Code for Power Piping) and ANSI/ASME B31.3 (code for process piping), ASTM A53 B, ASTM A106 B and API 5L carbon steel pipes are the ones used for geothermal fields. The allowable stress is S E =88 MPa for ERW pipe and S E =103 MPa for seamless pipe, S A =155 MPa for operation load, kS h =124 MPa for earthquake load and 258 MPa for combined sustained loads and stress range. Pipe pressure design for the separation station and steam lines is 1.5 MPa, and for brine line ranges from 1.5 to 4 MPa. Pipe diameters are generally 250 to 1219 mm nominal pipe size. The two-phase line can be in the range 50 to 150 m, the steam lines from 2000 to 3000 m and for the brine up to 6000 m long. The total cost of pipe installation can be US$ 600-1,200 per meter of pipe. Pipe configuration needs to be cost conscious; the design can be under 10% of excess pipe to get from point to point straight line distance, which is excellent from a piping material and pressure loss point of view.

Note: The listed mathematical operations and relations have been simplified as much as possible. Plastic-specific parameters and generally valid factors are partly already integrated into calculation formulae. We have abstained from detailing the derivation or reproduction of single values to abbreviate this section. 7.2 Calculating pipe parameters 7.2.1 Explanation The calculation of thermoplastic pipe systems is especially important for the engineer undertaking a project. This chapter presents the basic principles required for designing plastic pipe systems. However, the practitioner (user) should also be able to acquire the necessary data and standard variables for internally pressure-loaded pipe in a relatively simple manner without spending a lot of time. The mathematical operations are supported by diagrams in the appendices from which most values and data can be read off. Thermoplastic pipe calculations basically occur on the basis of long-term values. The reference stress (V ref) and mechanical (creep) strength (i.e. creep modulus (E cR)) of a pipe system in relation to temperature can be derived from the creep diagram in appendix A1 and the creep modulus curve diagram in appendix A2. The creep rupture curves are based on internal pressure tests on pipe samples filled with water and represent minimum values. If pipe systems are not intended for water but for other flow media, their effects on creep strength properties must be given special consideration.

This standard covers the basis for design and layout of process, drilling and utility piping foroffshore oil and/or gas production facilities. Relevant parts of this standard may also be used forcontrol room, laboratory, helideck and other facilities around the platform.

For plumbing purposes, the term " multi-storey " is applied to buildings that are too tall to be supplied throughout by the normal pressure in the public water mains. These buildings have particular needs in the design of their sanitary drainage and venting systems. Water main supply pressures of 8–12 metres (25– 40 feet) can supply a typical two-storey building, but higher buildings may need pressure booster systems. In hilly areas, the drinking-water supply pressures will vary depending on the ground elevation. In these cases, the water authority may have to specify areas where particular supply pressures can be relied upon for the design and operation of buildings. Where a building of three or more storeys is proposed a certificate should be obtained from the drinking-water supply authority guaranteeing that the present and future public drinking-water supply pressure will be adequate to serve the building. If the public water pressure is inadequate, suitable means shall be provided within the building to boost the water pressure. 14.1 Systems for boosting water pressure Pressure-boosting systems can be of several different types: • pumping from a ground level or basem*nt gravity tank to a gravity roof tank; • pumping from a gravity storage tank or public water main into a hydro-pneumatic pressure tank that uses captive air pressure to provide adequate drinking-water supply pressure; • installation of booster pump sets consisting of multiple staged pumps or variable speed pumps that draw water directly from a gravity storage tank or the public water main. Multistage booster pump sets typically include discharge pressure regulating valves to maintain a constant drinking-water supply pressure. Written approval should be obtained from the appropriate authority before any pump or booster is connected to the supply. Where booster pump sets are permitted to draw directly from public water mains, the public drinking-water supply must be adequate to meet the peak demands of all buildings in the area. Otherwise, there is a high risk of backflow and subsequent contamination of the mains from buildings not equipped with a booster pump. Building booster

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2023

Effect of Plumbing System in Construction plays an important role. Pipe damage and defects are part of pipe maintenance. There is no chance or short circuit during Plumbing maintenance. Plumbing and plumbing involves various components that should be examined, so there is a chance that one or the other component may break. These components can cause some temporary problems as well as long-term structural damage due to water seeping into walls and floors. To avoid such problems, it is important to fix plumbing problems as soon as they are discovered. The durability of the pipe system depends on the quality of its parts and the installation skills of the installers. No plumbing system, however well designed, can be expected to operate safely or hygienically unless the products or materials used are satisfactory. The opposite is also true if the best quality products or materials are used but incorrectly installed, the system will fail. Therefore, proper research and its operation will ensure optimal success and satisfactorily meet the expectations of Effect of Plumbing System in Construction. The efficiency and quality of plumbing depends on the expectations of the home owner, the condition of the pipe work performed and its plumbing activities.

Chapter A6. Fabrication and Installation of Piping Edward F. Gerwin A.261 Chapter A7. Bolted Joints Gordon Britton A.331

Dekker Mechanical Engineering, 2003

TUNJI JOHN ERINLE, 2023

Piping design refers to the process of creating a detailed layout and specification for a system of pipes used to transport fluids or gases within a facility or industrial plant. It is an essential aspect of engineering and plays a crucial role in various industries, including oil and gas, petrochemicals, power generation, pharmaceuticals, and many others. Piping design is a critical discipline that combines engineering principles, safety considerations, and practical expertise to create efficient and reliable systems for fluid and gas transportation in various industries. The primary objective of piping design is to ensure the safe and efficient transport of fluids from one location to another, while considering factors such as pressure, temperature, flow rate, material compatibility, and structural integrity. A well-designed piping system minimizes the risk of leaks, corrosion, and other potential hazards, while maximizing operational performance and reliability. Throughout the piping design process, collaboration with other engineering disciplines, such as civil, mechanical, and electrical, is essential to ensure integration with the overall plant design.

The understanding of how gasses and fluids flow in equipment is the foundation ofequipment design. All of the other Engineering Design Guidelines are based on thesefundamentals; therefore it is critical that the principles of fluid flow are understood beforedesigning equipment. The principles are not complex, but neither are they simple dueto the interdependence of pressure drop and friction.This design guideline covers the basic elements in the field of Piping Fluid Flow MaterialSelection and Line Sizing in sufficient detail to design a pipeline and / or other pipingclasses. This design guideline includes single phase liquid flow, single phase gas flowfor hydrocarbon, water, steam and natural gases. Two phase flow is covered in aseparate guideline.